Cited Article: Holt JK. Fast mass transport through sub-2-nanometer carbon nanotubes
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AU Kumar, S
Sharma, A
Tripathi, B
Srivastava, S
Agrawal, S
Singh, M
Awasthi, K
Vijay, YK
AF Kumar, Sumit
Sharma, Anshu
Tripathi, Balram
Srivastava, Subodh
Agrawal, Shweta
Singh, M.
Awasthi, Kamlendra
Vijay, Y. K.
TI Enhancement of hydrogen gas permeability in electrically aligned
MWCNT-PMMA composite membranes
SO MICRON
LA English
DT Review
DE MWCNT; PM MA; Membrane; Electrical field alignment; Gas permeation;
Raman spectroscopy; XRD
ID WALL CARBON NANOTUBES; FAST MASS-TRANSPORT; SEPARATION MEMBRANES;
POLYMER COMPOSITES; FIELD; PERMEATION; STORAGE; ADSORPTION
AB The multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) dispersed
polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) composite membranes have been prepared
for hydrogen gas permeation application. Composite membranes are
characterized by Raman spectroscopy, optical microscopy, X-ray
diffraction, electrical measurements and gas permeability measurements.
The effect of electric field alignment of MWCNT in PMMA matrix on gas
permeation has been studied for hydrogen gas. The permeability
measurements indicated that the electrically aligned MWCNT in PMMA has
shown almost 2 times higher permeability for hydrogen gas as compare to
randomly dispersed MWCNT in PMMA. The enhancement in permeability is
explained on the basis of well aligned easy channel provided by MWCNT
in electrically aligned sample. The effect of thickness of membrane on
the gas permeability also studied and thickness of about 30 mu m found
to be optimum thickness for fast hydrogen gas permeates. (C) 2010
Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
C1 [Kumar, Sumit; Sharma, Anshu; Tripathi, Balram; Srivastava, Subodh; Agrawal, Shweta; Singh, M.; Vijay, Y. K.] Univ Rajasthan, Dept Phys, Jaipur 302004, Rajasthan, India.
[Awasthi, Kamlendra] Indian Inst Technol, Dept Chem Engn, DST Unit Nanosci, Kanpur 208016, Uttar Pradesh, India.
RP Kumar, S, Univ Rajasthan, Dept Phys, Jaipur 302004, Rajasthan, India.
EM sumitphy11@gmail.com
yk_vijay@sancharnet.in
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NR 38
TC 0
PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD; THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE,
KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND
SN 0968-4328
DI 10.1016/j.micron.2010.05.016
PD OCT
VL 41
IS 7
BP 909
EP 914
SC Microscopy
GA 652GX
UT ISI:000281992800031
ER
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AU Fornasiero, F
Bin In, J
Kim, S
Park, HG
Wang, Y
Grigoropoulos, CP
Noy, A
Bakajin, O
AF Fornasiero, Francesco
Bin In, Jung
Kim, Sangil
Park, Hyung Gyu
Wang, Yinmin
Grigoropoulos, Costas P.
Noy, Aleksandr
Bakajin, Olgica
TI pH-Tunable Ion Selectivity in Carbon Nanotube Pores
SO LANGMUIR
LA English
DT Article
ID FILLED NANOFILTRATION MEMBRANES; NANOFLUIDIC CHANNELS; ELECTROLYTIC
TRANSPORT; REVERSE-OSMOSIS; SILICON-NITRIDE; SALT REJECTION;
PERMEATION; SEPARATION; SURFACE; WATER
AB The selectivity of ion transport in nanochannels is of pi Unary
importance for a number of physical, chemical, and biological processes
ranging from fluid separation to ion-channel-regulated cellular
processes Fundamental understanding of these phenomena requires model
nanochannels with well-defined and controllable structural properties
Carbon nanotubes provide an ideal choice for nanofluidic studies
because of their simple chemistry and structure, the atomic scale
smoothness and chemical inertness of the graphitic walls, and the
tunability of their diameter and length Here, we investigate the
selectivity of single and, for the first time, binary salt mixtures
transport through nail ow carbon nanotubes that act as the only pores
in a silicon nitride membrane. We demonstrate that negatively charged
carboxylic groups are responsible for the ion rejection performance of
carbon nanotube pores and that ion permeation of small salts can be
tuned by varying solution Investigation of the effect of solution
composition and ion valences for binary electrolytes with common cation
m a pressure-driven flow reveals that the addition of slower diffusing
multivalent anions to a solution of faster diffusing monovalent anions
favors permeation of the monovalent anion Larger fractions and valences
of the added multivalent anions lower the rejection of the monovalent
anion. In some cases, we observe negative rejection at low monovalent
ion content
C1 [Kim, Sangil; Bakajin, Olgica] Porifera Inc, Hayward, CA 94545 USA.
[Fornasiero, Francesco; Wang, Yinmin; Noy, Aleksandr] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Phys & Life Sci Directorate, Livermore, CA 94550 USA.
[Bin In, Jung; Grigoropoulos, Costas P.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mech Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
[Park, Hyung Gyu] ETH, Inst Energy Technol, Dept Mech & Proc Engn, Zurich, Switzerland.
[Noy, Aleksandr] Univ Calif Merced, Sch Nat Sci, Merced, CA 95344 USA.
[Bakajin, Olgica] Univ Calif Davis, NSF Ctr Biophoton Sci & Technol, Sacramento, CA 95817 USA.
RP Bakajin, O, Porifera Inc, Hayward, CA 94545 USA.
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NR 67
TC 0
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC; 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0743-7463
DI 10.1021/la101943h
PD SEP 21
VL 26
IS 18
BP 14848
EP 14853
SC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science,
Multidisciplinary
GA 648JV
UT ISI:000281690600068
ER
PT J
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AU Brady-Estevez, AS
Schnoor, MH
Vecitis, CD
Saleh, NB
Ehmelech, M
AF Brady-Estevez, Anna S.
Schnoor, Mary H.
Vecitis, Chad D.
Saleh, Navid B.
Ehmelech, Menachem
TI Multiwalled Carbon Nanotube Filter: Improving Viral Removal at Low
Pressure
SO LANGMUIR
LA English
DT Article
ID FULLERENE C-60 NANOPARTICLES; SOIL COLUMNS; POROUS-MEDIA; DEPOSITION
KINETICS; ENVIRONMENTAL IMPLICATIONS; AGGREGATION KINETICS; BACTERIAL
PATHOGENS; CERIA NANOPARTICLES; ORGANIC-MATTER; TRANSPORT
AB The effective removal of viruses by a multiwalled carbon nanotube
(MWNT) filter is demonstrated over a range of solution chemistries MS2
bacteriophage viral removal by the MWNT filter was between 1 5 and 3
log higher than that observed with a recently reported single-walled
carbon nanotube (SWNT) filter when examined under similar, loadings (0
3 mg/cm(2)) of carbon nanotubes (CNTs). The greater removal of viruses
by the M W NT filter is attributed to a more uniform CNT-filter matrix
that allows effective removal of viruses by physicochemical (depth)
filtration Viral removal by the MWNT filter was examined under a broad
range of water compositions (ionic strength, monovalent and divalent
salts, solution pH. natural organic matter, alginate, phosphate. and
bicarbonate) and filter approach velocities (0 0016, 0.0044, and 0 0072
cm/s) Log viral removal increased as the fluid approach velocity
decreased, exhibiting a dependence on approach velocity in agreement
with colloid filtration theory for Brownian particles Viral removal
improved with increasing ionic strength (NaCl), from 5 06 log removal
at 1 mM NaCl to greater than 6.56 log removal at 100 mM NaCl Addition
of calcium ions also enhanced viral removal, but the presence of
magnesium ions resulted in a decrease in viral removal Solution pH also
played an important role in viral removal, with log removals of 8 13,
538, and 4 00 being documented at solution pH values of 3 0, 55, and 9
0, respectively Dissolved natural organic matter (NOM) had a negligible
effect on viral removal at low concentration (1 mg/L), but higher
concentrations of NOM significantly reduced the viral removal by the
MWNT filter, likely due to steric repulsion Addition of alginate (model
polysaccharide) also caused a marked decrease in viral removal by the
MWNT filter This highly scalable MWNT-filter technology at
gravity-driven pressures presents new, cost-effective options for
point-of-use filters for viral removal
C1 [Brady-Estevez, Anna S.; Schnoor, Mary H.; Vecitis, Chad D.; Saleh, Navid B.; Ehmelech, Menachem] Yale Univ, Dept Chem & Environm Engn, New Haven, CT 06520 USA.
RP Ehmelech, M, Yale Univ, Dept Chem & Environm Engn, New Haven, CT 06520
USA.
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NR 60
TC 0
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC; 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0743-7463
DI 10.1021/la102783v
PD SEP 21
VL 26
IS 18
BP 14975
EP 14982
SC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science,
Multidisciplinary
GA 648JV
UT ISI:000281690600087
ER
PT J
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AU Cannon, JJ
Tang, D
Hur, N
Kim, D
AF Cannon, James J.
Tang, Dai
Hur, Nahmkeon
Kim, Daejoong
TI Competitive Entry of Sodium and Potassium into Nanoscale Pores
SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B
LA English
DT Article
ID MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS SIMULATIONS; CARBON NANOTUBE MEMBRANES;
ELECTROOSMOTIC FLOWS; WATER; TRANSPORT; SELECTIVITY; NANOPORES;
HYDRATION; CHANNELS; NA+
AB We have studied the competitive entry of potassium and sodium into
carbon nanotubes using molecular dynamics simulations. Our results
demonstrate how a combination of strong sodium hydration coupled with
strong potassium chlorine interaction leads to enhanced potassium
selectivity at certain diameters. We detail the reasons behind this,
and show how variation of nanotube diameter can cause a switch to
sodium selectivity, or even cause a decrease in overall ion entry
despite an increase in diameter. These results demonstrate the
importance of considering inter-ion dependence in the theoretical study
of pore selectivity and show that, with careful design, the practical
separation of sodium and potassium is possible using diameter variation
alone.
C1 [Cannon, James J.; Tang, Dai; Hur, Nahmkeon; Kim, Daejoong] Sogang Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Seoul 121742, South Korea.
[Cannon, James J.; Hur, Nahmkeon; Kim, Daejoong] Sogang Univ, Multiphenomena CFD ERC, Seoul 121742, South Korea.
RP Kim, D, Sogang Univ, Dept Mech Engn, 1 Shinsu Dong, Seoul 121742, South
Korea.
EM Daejoong@sogang.ac.kr
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NR 34
TC 0
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC; 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 1520-6106
DI 10.1021/jp104609d
PD SEP 30
VL 114
IS 38
BP 12252
EP 12256
SC Chemistry, Physical
GA 652OV
UT ISI:000282018100008
ER
PT J
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AU Lee, J
Karnik, R
AF Lee, Jongho
Karnik, Rohit
TI Desalination-of water by vapor-phase transport through hydrophobic
nanopores
SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
ID REVERSE-OSMOSIS MEMBRANES; CONDENSATION COEFFICIENT; EVAPORATION
COEFFICIENT; CARBON NANOTUBE; SEAWATER DESALINATION; FUEL-CELLS;
DISTILLATION; REDUCTION; SURFACE; MACROMOLECULES
AB We propose a new approach to desalination of water whereby a pressure
difference across a vapor-trapping nanopore induces selective transport
of water by isothermal evaporation and condensation across the pore.
Transport of water through a nanopore with saline water on one side and
pure water on the other side under a pressure difference was
theoretically analyzed under the rarefied gas assumption using a
probabilistic framework that accounts for diffuse scattering from the
pore walls as well as reflection from the menisci. The analysis
revealed that in addition to salinity, temperature, and pressure
difference, the nanopore aspect ratio and the probability of
condensation of a water molecule incident on a meniscus from the vapor
phase, known as the condensation coefficient, are key determinants of
flux. The effect of condensation coefficient on mass flux becomes
critical when the aspect ratio is small. However, the mass flux becomes
independent of the condensation coefficient as the pore aspect ratio
increases, converging to the Knudsen flux for long nanopores. For
design of a nanopore membrane that can trap vapor, a minimum aspect
ratio is derived for which coalescence of the two interfaces on either
side of the nanopore remains energetically unfavorable. Based on this
design criterion, the analysis suggests that mass flux in the range of
20-70 g/m(2) s may be feasible if the system is operated at
temperatures in the range of 30-50 degrees C. The proposed approach
further decouples transport properties from material properties of the
membrane, which opens the possibility of engineering membranes with
appropriate materials that may lead to reverse osmosis membranes with
improved flux, better selectivity, and high chlorine resistance. (C)
2010 American Institute of Physics. [doi:10.1063/1.3419751]
C1 [Lee, Jongho; Karnik, Rohit] MIT, Dept Mech Engn, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA.
RP Karnik, R, MIT, Dept Mech Engn, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA.
EM karnik@mit.edu
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NR 64
TC 0
PU AMER INST PHYSICS; CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON
QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1,
MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA
SN 0021-8979
DI 10.1063/1.3419751
PD AUG 15
VL 108
IS 4
AR 044315
SC Physics, Applied
GA 650NV
UT ISI:000281857100119
ER
EF
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