Cited Article: Majumder M. Nanoscale hydrodynamics - Enhanced flow in carbon nanotubes
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Title:
Coulomb Repulsion at the Nanometer-Sized Contact: A Force Driving Superhydrophobicity, Superfluidity, Superlubricity, and Supersolidity
Authors:
Sun, CQ; Sun, Y; Ni, YG; Zhang, X; Pan, JS; Wang, XH; Zhou, J; Li, LT; Zheng, WT; Yu, SS; Pan, LK; Sun, Z
Author Full Names:
Sun, Chang Q.; Sun, Yi; Ni, Yanguang; Zhang, Xi; Pan, Jisheng; Wang, Xiao-Hui; Zhou, Ji; Li, Long-Tu; Zheng, Weitao; Yu, Shansheng; Pan, L. K.; Sun, Zhuo
Source:
JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY C 113 (46): 20009-20019 NOV 19 2009
Language:
English
Document Type:
Review
KeyWords Plus:
SCANNING-TUNNELING-MICROSCOPY; CARBON NANOTUBES; BOND-LENGTH; SOLID HE-4; SURFACE; FRICTION; NANOSCALE; STATES; WATER; CLUSTERS
Abstract:
Superhydrophobicity, superfluidity, superlubricity, and supersolidity (4S) at the nanometer-sized liquid-solid or solid-solid contacting interfaces have long been issues of puzzling with the common characteristics of nonsticky and frictionless motion. Although the 4S occurrences have been extensively investigated, the mechanism behind the common characteristics remains unclear. From the perspectives of broken-bond-induced local strain and the skin-depth charge and energy quantum trapping and the associated nonbonding electron polarization, we proposed herewith that the Coulomb repulsion between the "electric monopoles or dipoles locked in the elastic solid skins or the solidlike covering sheets of liquid droplets" forms the key to the 4S. The localized energy densification makes the skin stiffer and the densely and tightly trapped bonding charges polarize nonbonding electrons, if exist, to form locked skin monopoles. In addition, the sp-orbit hybridization of F, O, N, or C u!
pon reacting with solid atoms generates nonbonding lone pairs or Unpaired edge electrons that induce dipoles directing into the open end of a surface. The monopoles and dipoles can be, however, demolished by UV radiation, thermal excitation, or excessively applied compression due to ionization or sp orbit dehybridization. Such a Coulomb repulsion between the negatively charged skins of the contacting objects not only lowers the effective contacting force and hence the friction but also prevents charge from being exchanged between the counterparts of the contact. Being similar to magnetic levitation, such Coulomb repulsion should be the force driving the 4S. Density function theory calculations, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, scanning tunneling microscopy/spectroscopy, and very low energy electron diffraction measurements have been conducted to verify the proposal. In particular, agreement between theory predictions and the measured size dependence of the elastic modulus,!
lattice strain, core-electron binding energy shift, and band !
gap expa
nsion of nanostructures evidence the validity of the proposal of interface Coulomb repulsion.
Reprint Address:
Sun, CQ, Nanyang Technol Univ, Sch Elect & Elect Engn, Singapore 639798, Singapore.
Research Institution addresses:
[Sun, Chang Q.; Ni, Yanguang; Zhang, Xi] Nanyang Technol Univ, Sch Elect & Elect Engn, Singapore 639798, Singapore; [Sun, Yi; Pan, Jisheng] Agcy Sci Technol & Res, Inst Mat Res & Engn, Singapore 117602, Singapore; [Wang, Xiao-Hui; Zhou, Ji; Li, Long-Tu] Tsinghua Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, State Key Lab New Ceram & Fine Proc, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China; [Zheng, Weitao; Yu, Shansheng] Jilin Univ, Dept Mat Sci, Changchun 130012, Peoples R China; [Pan, L. K.; Sun, Zhuo] E China Normal Univ, Dept Phys, Minist Educ, Engn Res Ctr Nanophoton & Adv Instrument, Shanghai 200062, Peoples R China; [Sun, Chang Q.] Xiangtan Univ, Minist Educ, Key Lab Low Dimens Mat & Applicat Technol, Xiangtan 411105, Peoples R China
E-mail Address:
ecqsun@ntu.edu.sg
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Cited Reference Count:
101
Times Cited:
0
Publisher:
AMER CHEMICAL SOC; 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
Subject Category:
Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
ISSN:
1932-7447
DOI:
10.1021/jp907726b
IDS Number:
516ZX
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